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Resources for Accountants

The Earning Gap | Asset Liability Management [Video]

The Earning Gap | Asset Liability Management

Mismatches between a bank’s source of funds (liabilities) and use of funds (assets) can affect the bank’s profit. This is best explained with an example.

Imagine a bank with one asset and one liability:
• The asset is a fixed-rate loan with an interest rate of 5%
• The liability is a floating-rate note with an interest rate of 2%

Thus, the bank has a net interest margin of 3%.

But what if the interest rate on the floating-rate note increases to 2.2%? The bank’s net interest margin will shrink to 2.8%. This occurred because we had a mismatch: a fixed-rate asset and a floating-rate liability.

Here’s an example of a different kind of mismatch.

Imagine a bank with one asset and one liability:
• The asset is a fixed-rate loan with an interest rate of 5%
• The liability is a fixed-rate note with an interest rate of 2%

The bank again has a net interest margin of 3%.

But what if the fixed-rate loan has a term of 30 years, while the fixed-rate note has a term of 6 months? If interest rates rise, the bank’s net interest margin will decrease when it repays the note at the end of 6 months and obtains new financing at the higher rate. If the bank obtained new financing at a rate of 2.4%, then it’s net interest margin would be 2.6%. Again, the bank suffered from a mismatch problem. This time, the mismatch occurred because the bank funded a long-term asset with a short-term liability.

It’s difficult to solve the mismatch problem.

A local bank that focuses on conventional mortgages might have assets that are primarily fixed-rate mortgages and liabilities that are primarily floating-rate savings accounts. A bank could reduce this risk by entering into an interest rate swap.

Alternatively, a bank might have fixed-rate assets that reset monthly and floating-rate liabilities that reset quarterly. If interest rates are declining, the interest rate earned on assets will reset faster and reduce the net interest margin.

To estimate the effect of interest rate changes, banks compare the principals of assets and liabilities that are repriced during a period.

Banks then try to reduce this earning gap, which is the difference between rate-sensitive and rate-sensitive liabilities.

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Resources for Accountants

How to Account for Early Retirement of Bonds [Video]

This video explains how to account for the early retirement of bonds (aka early extinguishment of debt or early redemption of bonds).When a company retires (redeems) its bonds prior to the maturity date, the company must do several things:-Reduce the cash account by the amount used to repurchase the bonds (if cash is used to retire the bonds)-Remove the bonds payable-Zero out the unamortized discount or unamortized premium-Record a gain or loss IF the repurchase price is different from the carrying value (aka book value) of the bonds on the date the bonds are retiredThere are two ways to calculate the gain or loss on the early retirement of the bonds:(1) record the journal entry; if a debit is required to make the journal entry balance, then debit a loss on early retirement (or loss on bond redemption, loss on early extinguishment of debt, etc.). If a credit is instead required to make the journal entry balance, the credit a gain on early retirement (or gain on bond redemption, gain on early extinguishment of debt, etc.)(2) calculate the difference between the repurchase price (the amount paid to retire the bonds) and carrying value (aka book value) of the bonds at the time they are retired. If the repurchase price is less than the carrying value, there is a gain. If the repurchase price is greater than the carrying value, there is a loss.0:00 Introduction0:39 4 things to do when retiring bonds1:20 Example3:59 T-account for discount on bonds payable4:18 Journal entry to record gain on retirement of bonds5:53 Alternative situation (loss on retirement of bonds)— Edspira is the creation of Michael McLaughlin, an award-winning professor who went from teenage homelessness to a PhD. Edspira’s mission is to make a high-quality business education freely available to the world.— SUBSCRIBE FOR A FREE 53-PAGE GUIDE TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, PLUS: • A 23-PAGE GUIDE TO MANAGERIAL ACCOUNTING• A 44-PAGE GUIDE TO U.S. TAXATION• A 75-PAGE GUIDE TO FINANCIAL STATEMENT ANALYSIS• MANY MORE FREE PDF GUIDES AND SPREADSHEETS* http://eepurl.com/dIaa5z— SUPPORT EDSPIRA ON PATREON*https://www.patreon.com/prof_mclaughlin— GET CERTIFIED IN FINANCIAL STATEMENT ANALYSIS, IFRS 16, AND ASSET-LIABILITY MANAGEMENT * https://edspira.thinkific.com — LISTEN TO THE SCHEME PODCAST * Apple Podcasts: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/scheme/id1522352725 * Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/4WaNTqVFxISHlgcSWNT1kc * Website: https://www.edspira.com/podcast-2/ — GET TAX TIPS ON TIKTOK * https://www.tiktok.com/@prof_mclaughlin — ACCESS INDEX OF VIDEOS * https://www.edspira.com/index — CONNECT WITH EDSPIRA * Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/Edspira * Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/edspiradotcom * LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/edspira — CONNECT WITH MICHAEL * Twitter: https://www.twitter.com/Prof_McLaughlin * LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/prof-michael-mclaughlin — ABOUT EDSPIRA AND ITS CREATOR * https://www.edspira.com/about/* https://michaelmclaughlin.com

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Resources for Accountants

Key Steps and Strategies for Starting a Business [Video]

Starting a business is an exciting and challenging endeavor that requires careful planning and strategic execution. Whether you are launching a small startup or a large enterprise, understanding the key steps and strategies involved is essential for turning your vision into a successful venture. This video outlines the crucial stages and tactics to help you navigate the complexities of starting a business and increase your chances of long-term success.

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Resources for Accountants

How to Start a Business with the Help of AI [Video]

Starting a business used to be risky, expensive, and time-consuming. But now, with Artificial Intelligence (AI) at your fingertips, launching a company has never been more accessible—even if you're starting with limited capital or no prior experience. Whether you're looking to create a product, start a service-based company, or launch an online brand, AI can guide, automate, and accelerate nearly every part of the process. Here’s a step-by-step guide on how to start a business with the help of AI.

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Resources for Accountants

Taking the Pipeline Pledge [Video]

Mark Koziel, CEO of the AICPA, encourages accountants to take the Pipeline Pledge, an initiative of the National Pipeline Advisory Group. Its goal is to spur CPAs to volunteer and take action to increase awareness of accounting among K-12 and college students, and to support those considering a career in the profession. Visit https://www.accountingpipeline.org/participate/