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Resources for Accountants

Testing Internal Controls for the Purchasing Process [Video]

Testing Internal Controls for the Purchasing Process

After the auditor has learned about the design of a company’s internal controls, the auditor needs to test the operating effectiveness of the controls.

The auditor must determine whether each internal control:
• Is operating as designed
• Is being performed by an employee who has both the ability and authorization to perform the control

There are several ways for an auditor to test internal controls. These include:
• Inquiry
• Observing the client applying the control
• Inspecting the client’s documents
• Reperforming the control
• Walkthrough (this would include several of the steps listed above)

If an internal control is not operating effectively, the risk of material misstatement increases. This means the auditor will need to increase the amount of substantive testing to keep audit risk at an acceptable level.

When testing controls, the auditor should perform dual-direction tests (aka dual-purpose procedures). For example, to ensure that the client is checking for a 3-way match of the purchase order, receiving report, and invoice, the auditor should both:
• Test the existence assertion (did all recorded liabilities occur?) by vouching a sample of invoices back to the related receiving reports and purchase orders
• Test the completeness assertion (have all liabilities been recorded?) by tracing a sample of purchase orders to the related entries in the purchases journal

One of the most important controls for accounts payable is ensuring a 3-way match of the purchase order, receiving report, and invoice. The auditor should thus check for transactions where a 3-way match is missing. A list of unmatched vendor invoices, for example, could mean that:
• The goods were never received (perhaps the billing was fraudulent), or
• The goods were received, but the receiving report wasn’t matched to the invoice (there is an unrecorded liability)

After the tests of controls have been completed, the auditor should set the achieved level of control risk.
• If the achieved level of control risk is lower than the planned level, the amount of substantive procedures for account balances can be reduced. For example, the auditor might focus only on large-dollar accounts when confirming accounts payable.
• If the achieved level of control risk is higher than the planned level (e.g., if the auditor found that the company doesn’t review unmatched invoices), the amount of substantive procedures should be increased. For example, the auditor might send accounts payable confirmations to vendors that have a balance of zero.

0:00 Introduction
0:20 Effectiveness of internal controls
1:05 Techniques for testing effectiveness
1:46 Internal control NOT operating effectively
2:42 Dual-direction tests
5:20 Tests of controls related to purchase transactions
12:21 Tests of controls related to cash disbursement transactions
16:26 Tests of controls related to accounts payable balances
16:53 Comparing the achieved level of control risk to the planned level

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Resources for Accountants

Overview of ASC 805 [Video]

Accounting for business combinations under ASC 805 can be quite complex! Do you know the difference between a business combination and an asset acquisition under U.S. GAAP? The answer to this question is important because the accounting is totally different! No worries. We have you covered in this CPE-eligible, eLearning course (1.5 CPE)! In this online course we begin with the definition of a business and whether a transaction falls within the scope of ASC 805. We then provide you with an overview of the 4-step acquisition method set out in ASC 805, including whether assets and liabilities acquired should be recognized apart from goodwill and, if so, how they should be measured. If you’re new to the accounting for business combinations under U.S. GAAP, this course is a great place to start! Take the course: https://www.gaapdynamics.com/product/business-combinations-overview-of-asc-805/ Buy all three courses and save! https://www.gaapdynamics.com/product/asc-805-business-combinations/ Learn more about GAAP Dynamics: https://www.gaapdynamics.com/ Check out our other online courses on the GAAP Dynamics Learning Library: https://www.gaapdynamics.com/individual-learning/ Subscribe to GAAP Dynamics to see more videos like these!

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Resources for Accountants

Application of ASC 805 [Video]

This is the introductory video for the third course of the three-part Business Combinations eLearning series. Now that you are familiar with the basic accounting rules and certain ASC 805 advanced issues, this course will apply that knowledge by walking through an example acquisition and requiring you to identify the proper accounting treatment. Take the course: https://www.gaapdynamics.com/product/business-combinations-application-of-asc-805/ Buy all three courses and save! https://www.gaapdynamics.com/product/asc-805-business-combinations/ Learn more about GAAP Dynamics: https://www.gaapdynamics.com/ Check out our other online courses on the GAAP Dynamics Learning Library: https://www.gaapdynamics.com/individual-learning/ Subscribe to GAAP Dynamics to see more videos like these!

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Advanced Issues and Disclosures [Video]

This is the introductory video to our self-study eLearning course "Business Combinations: Advanced Issues and Disclosures." Check it out here: https://www.gaapdynamics.com/product/business-combinations-advanced-issues-and-disclosures/ This is the second course of the three-part Business Combinations eLearning series. Now that you are familiar with the basic accounting rules, this course dives deeper into more advanced business combination issues such as exceptions to general guidelines, noncontrolling interests, and measurement period adjustments. Learn more about GAAP Dynamics: https://www.gaapdynamics.com/ Check out our other online courses on the GAAP Dynamics Learning Library: https://www.gaapdynamics.com/individual-learning/ Subscribe to GAAP Dynamics to see more videos like these!

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Resources for Accountants

How to Calculate the Right-of-use Asset [Video]

When the lessee capitalizes a lease, it doesn’t just record a liability; it also records a right-of-use asset. At the commencement of the lease, the right-of-use asset is calculated as follows:Initial measurement of lease liability + lease prepayments + initial direct costs + costs to dismantle/remove the asset or restore the site - lease incentives received from the lessor = right-of-use asset The right-of-use asset is then recorded on the lessee's statement of financial position and depreciated over the lease term.— Edspira is the creation of Michael McLaughlin, who went from teenage homelessness to a PhD. Edspira’s mission is to make a high-quality business education accessible to all people.— SUBSCRIBE FOR A FREE 53-PAGE GUIDE TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS* http://eepurl.com/dIaa5z— LISTEN TO THE SCHEME PODCAST* Apple Podcasts: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/scheme/id1522352725* Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/4WaNTqVFxISHlgcSWNT1kc* Website: https://www.edspira.com/podcast-2/ — CONNECT WITH EDSPIRA* Website: https://www.edspira.com* Blog: https://www.edspira.com/blog/ * Facebook page: https://www.facebook.com/Edspira* Facebook group: https://www.facebook.com/groups/561316587899818//* Reddit: https://www.reddit.com/r/edspira* LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/edspira— CONNECT WITH MICHAEL* Website: http://www.MichaelMcLaughlin.com* LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/prof-michael-mclaughlin * Twitter: https://www.twitter.com/Prof_McLaughlin* Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/prof.michael.mclaughlin* Snapchat: https://www.snapchat.com/add/prof_mclaughlin*Twitch: https://twitch.tv/prof_mclaughlin * Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/prof_mclaughlin*TikTok: https://www.tiktok.com/@prof_mclaughlin