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Resources for Accountants

How to Test Internal Controls | Revenue and Collection Cycle [Video]

How to Test Internal Controls | Revenue and Collection Cycle

After the auditor has learned about the design of a company’s internal controls, the auditor needs to test the operating effectiveness of the controls.

The auditor must determine whether each internal control:
• Is operating as designed
• Is being performed by an employee who has both the ability and authorization to perform the control

There are several ways for an auditor to test internal controls. These include:
• Inquiry
• Observing the client applying the control
• Inspecting the client’s documents
• Reperforming the control
• Walkthrough (this would include several of the steps listed above)

If an internal control is not operating effectively, the risk of material misstatement increases. This means the auditor will need to increase the amount of substantive testing to keep audit risk at an acceptable level.

When testing controls, the auditor should perform dual-direction tests (aka dual-purpose procedures). For example, to ensure that the client is checking for a 3-way match of the purchase order, shipping document, and sales invoice, the auditor should both:
• Test the existence assertion (did all recorded sales occur?) by vouching a sample of sales invoices to the related shipping documents
• Test the completeness assertion (were all shipments billed to clients?) by tracing a sample of shipping documents to the sales invoices

Audit software like IDEA or ACL is very helpful when testing controls. In some cases, the auditor can examine the entire sales journal (as opposed to just taking a sample of transactions) to see if there any sales lacking a 3-way match. The auditor can also use audit software to check the numerical sequence of documents for either (a) missing numbers in the sequence or (b) duplication of numbers in the sequence. The auditor should also observe the client’s personnel checking for issues with the numerical sequence.

After the tests of controls have been completed, the auditor should set the achieved level of control risk.
• If the achieved level of control risk is lower than the planned level, the amount of substantive procedures for account balances can be reduced. For example, accounts receivable confirmations can be sent prior to the fiscal year-end and the auditor can take a smaller sample size
• If the achieved level of control risk is higher than the planned level (e.g., if the auditor found that the client was billing customers when goods hadn’t been shipped or wasn’t observing the proper segregation of duties), the amount of substantive procedures should be increased. For example, the auditor might need to choose a large sample size when confirming accounts receivable

0:00 Introduction
0:30 Techniques for testing internal controls
1:01 Dual-direction tests
1:27 Audit software
1:52 Tests of controls for revenue
3:17 Tests of controls for receivables
4:08 Achieved level of control risk vs. planned level of control risk

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Resources for Accountants

IFRS 16 vs ASC 842 [Video]

ASC 842 is the section of the U.S. accounting rules codification that governs accounting for leases. ASC 842 was issued in February of 201640 and has many similarities to IFRS 16. For example, both ASC 842 and IFRS 16 require lessees to capitalize leases with a lease term of more than one year. However, there are several key differences between ASC 842 and IFRS 16. These differences mainly pertain to the lessee’s perspective. The most significant difference is that ASC 842 requires lessees to conduct a classification test to determine whether a lease will be treated as a finance lease or an operating lease. If the lease is classified as an operating lease, the lessee recognizes both interest expense on the lease liability and amortization expense on the right-of-use asset. However, the lessee amortizes the right-of-use asset in such a way that total lease expense is the same for each period. In short, the lessee first calculates interest expense and then calculates amortization expense as the plug that will make total lease expense the same amount each period. Thus, lessees report a single amount for lease expense that is the same from period to period. Another important difference is that ASC 842 doesn’t has an exception for leases of low-value assets. Recall that IFRS 16 requires lessees to capitalize all leases, except (a) short-term leases of 12 months or less and (b) leases of assets that have a value of $5,000 or less. With ASC 842, the exception is only available for short-term leases of 12 months or less. For lessors, ASC 842 relies on quantitative criteria to determine whether a lease should be classified as a finance lease or an operating lease. IFRS 16 says this determination should be based on the substance of the transaction.— Edspira is the creation of Michael McLaughlin, who went from teenage homelessness to a PhD. Edspira’s mission is to make a high-quality business education accessible to all people.— SUBSCRIBE FOR A FREE 53-PAGE GUIDE TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS* http://eepurl.com/dIaa5z— LISTEN TO THE SCHEME PODCAST* Apple Podcasts: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/scheme/id1522352725* Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/4WaNTqVFxISHlgcSWNT1kc* Website: https://www.edspira.com/podcast-2/ — CONNECT WITH EDSPIRA* Website: https://www.edspira.com* Blog: https://www.edspira.com/blog/ * Facebook page: https://www.facebook.com/Edspira* Facebook group: https://www.facebook.com/groups/561316587899818//* Reddit: https://www.reddit.com/r/edspira* LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/edspira— CONNECT WITH MICHAEL* Website: http://www.MichaelMcLaughlin.com* LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/prof-michael-mclaughlin * Twitter: https://www.twitter.com/Prof_McLaughlin* Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/prof.michael.mclaughlin* Snapchat: https://www.snapchat.com/add/prof_mclaughlin*Twitch: https://twitch.tv/prof_mclaughlin * Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/prof_mclaughlin*TikTok: https://www.tiktok.com/@prof_mclaughlin

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Resources for Accountants

5 Step DuPont Analysis for ROE | Financial Statement Analysis [Video]

The 3-step DuPont analysis is helpful in that it breaks ROE into 3 components. However, the 3-step DuPont doesn't fully isolate the effect of the firm's financing decisions because it measures profit margin as net income divided by sales. The 5-step DuPont analysis corrects for this by using operating margin instead of profit margin and separately measuring the interest burden and the tax burden.The 5-step DuPont Analysis thus disaggregates return on equity (ROE) into 5 components: ROE = [(operating margin * asset turnover) - interest burden] * equity multiplier * (1 - tax rate)— Edspira is the creation of Michael McLaughlin, who went from teenage homelessness to a PhD. Edspira’s mission is to make a high-quality business education accessible to all people.— SUBSCRIBE FOR A FREE 53-PAGE GUIDE TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS* http://eepurl.com/dIaa5z— LISTEN TO THE SCHEME PODCAST* Apple Podcasts: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/scheme/id1522352725* Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/4WaNTqVFxISHlgcSWNT1kc* Website: https://www.edspira.com/podcast-2/ — CONNECT WITH EDSPIRA* Website: https://www.edspira.com* Blog: https://www.edspira.com/blog/ * Facebook page: https://www.facebook.com/Edspira* Facebook group: https://www.facebook.com/groups/561316587899818//* Reddit: https://www.reddit.com/r/edspira* LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/edspira— CONNECT WITH MICHAEL* Website: http://www.MichaelMcLaughlin.com* LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/prof-michael-mclaughlin * Twitter: https://www.twitter.com/Prof_McLaughlin* Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/prof.michael.mclaughlin* Snapchat: https://www.snapchat.com/add/prof_mclaughlin*Twitch: https://twitch.tv/prof_mclaughlin * Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/prof_mclaughlin*TikTok: https://www.tiktok.com/@prof_mclaughlin

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Resources for Accountants

P&L Presentation Type based on your Audience (Natural Account vs. Functional) [Video]

Before compiling the P&L, you need to decide on the type of presentation (based on your audience): Natural Account, Functional or Hybrid. Free P&L Template shown in video: https://thefincontroller.com/p/types-of-incomestatemet-presentation Enroll in the FP&A Academy: https://controller-academy.com/courses/fpa-academy Time Stamps: 00:00 Intro 01:28 Company Profile 02:17 1. Natural Account P&L 04:26 2. Functional P&L 05:38 3. Hybrid P&L 09:08 How To Setup in NetSuite 10:29 How To Setup in QuickBooks Online ----------------------------------- Hang Out with me on social media: 📸 https://www.instagram.com/the_financial_controller/ 📱https://www.tiktok.com/@thefinancialcontroller https://www.linkedin.com/in/bill-hanna-cpa-7653a851/ DISCLAIMER: Links included in this description might be affiliate links. If you happen to purchase a product or service with the links that I provide I may receive a small commission. There is no additional charge to you! Thank you for supporting my channel so I can continue to provide you with free content each week! All views expressed on my channel are mine alone. Not intended as financial or professional advice

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Resources for Accountants

Entrepreneurship Mistakes from Hell | How to Start a Startup [Video]

Embarking on the journey of entrepreneurship is akin to riding a roller coaster blindfolded—it's exhilarating, unpredictable, and fraught with potential pitfalls. While mistakes are an inevitable part of the entrepreneurial journey, some are more catastrophic than others. These "mistakes from hell" can derail even the most promising ventures, leaving entrepreneurs reeling and searching for ways to recover. Let's explore some of these missteps that have the potential to turn an entrepreneurial dream into a nightmare.